An expansion card in computing is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard to add additional functionality to a computer system. It is also an electronic board or card added in a desktop computer or other non-portable computer to give that computer a new ability such as the ability to connect to another computer using a network cable .The primary purpose of an expansion card is to provide or expand on features not offered by the motherboard.
Network Interface Card is used to connect a computer to a n Ethernet network. The card provides an interface to the media. A network interface card (NIC) is a computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. Personal computers and workstations on a local area network ( LAN) typically contain a network interface card specifically designed for the LAN transmission technology, such as Ethernet or Token Ring 
Cache memory is random access memory ( RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. Cache memory is extremely fast memory that is built into a computer’s central processing unit or located next to it on a separate chip. The CPU uses cache memory to store instructions that are repeatedly required to run programs, improving overall system speed. 
In computing, plug and play is a term used to describe the characteristic of a computer bus, or device specification, which facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system, without the need for physical device configuration, or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts. Plug and Play provides automatic configuration of PC hardware and devices. For modern versions of Microsoft Windows, the system and its firmware must comply with Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification (ACPI).
Computer sockets are the built-in interfaces on motherboards that accept various hardware components. When compatible devices are plugged into computer sockets, they communicate with the system to provide functionality. Dial-up modems, graphics cards and sound cards are just some examples. Computer sockets use standardized protocols to communicate with the devices that are designed to plug into them. Computer sockets in the 1980s were referred to as Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) slots, followed by Enhanced IDE (EIDE) slots.
A computer chip is a small electronic circuit, also known as an integrated circuit, which is one of the basic components of most kinds of electronic devices, especially computers. Computer chips are small and are made of semiconductors that is usually composed of silicon, on which several tiny components including transistors are embedded and used to transmit electronic data signals. The first was developed at Texas Instruments by Jack Kilby in 1958, and the second was developed at Fairchild Semiconductor by Robert Noyce in 1958. 
Expansion slots are located on the motherboard, and openings on the back of the computer allow the ports on the cards that go in the slots to be accessed. Expansion slot openings are located on the back of the computer. It is also a slot located inside a computer on the motherboard or riser board that allows additional boards to be connected to it.
A socket on a computer used to connect a modem, data acquisition terminal or other device via a serial interface (one data bit following the other). Serial ports provide very slow speeds and have been superseded by USB and other faster interfaces for peripheral connections to desktop computers. Although still widely used in data acquisition, the serial port is no longer found on new computers. Earlier PCs used the port for the mouse, and earlier Macintoshes used it to attach a printer.Parallel Port
A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers for connecting various peripherals. It is also known as a printer port or Centronics port. On PCs, the parallel port uses a 25-pin connector (type DB-25) and is used to connect printers, computers and other devices that need relatively high bandwidth. It is often called a Centronics interface after the company that designed the original standard for parallel communication between a computer and printer.
Universal Serial Bus (USB) port
USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a way of setting up communication between a computer and peripheral devices. USB is intended to replace many varieties of serial and parallel ports. USB can connect computer peripherals such as mice, keyboards, PDAs, gamepads and joysticks, scanners, digital cameras, printers, personal media players, flash drives, and external hard drives. single USB port can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices. Starting in 1996, a few computer manufacturers started including USB support in their new machines. It wasn't until the release of the best-selling iMac in 1998 that USB became widespread.
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